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PTGS1 encodes COX-1, a dual cyclooxygenase and peroxidase that plays an important role in the biosynthesis pathway
of prostanoids derived AA, with a particular role in the inflammatory response. The cyclooxygenase activity oxygenates AA
to the hydroperoxy endoperoxide prostaglandin G2 (PGG2), and the peroxidase activity reduces PGG2 to the hydroxy
endoperoxide prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), the precursor of all 2-series prostaglandins and thromboxanes.
COX-1 is involved in the constitutive production of prostanoids in particular in the stomach and platelets.
In gastric epithelial cells, it is a key step in the generation of prostaglandins, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2),
which plays an important role in cytoprotection. In platelets, it is involved in the generation of thromboxane A2 (TXA2),
which promotes platelet activation and aggregation, vasoconstriction and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells.
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