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ALOX5 is a multifunctional enzyme that initiates leukotriene biosynthesis by converting
arachidonic acid to pro-inflammatory 5-HPETE and LTA4, while also producing anti-inflammatory
lipoxins and resolvins from omega-3 fatty acids (EPA/DHA). Beyond eicosanoid metabolism, it regulates
immune responses (dendritic cell migration, B/T-cell function), vascular processes (angiogenesis inhibition
via PPARĪ³), and metabolic homeostasis (insulin secretion, bone mineralization). The enzyme exhibits strict
substrate specificity, unable to metabolize linoleic acid, and uniquely bridges pro-inflammatory and
resolution pathways through its dual oxygenase activities on various polyunsaturated fatty acids.
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