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AKR1C3 encodes cytosolic aldo-keto reductase that catalyzes the NADH and NADPH-dependent reduction of
ketosteroids to hydroxysteroids, displaying the ability to catalyze both oxidation and reduction in vitro.
AKR1C3 shows preference as a 17-ketosteroid reductase and has the highest catalytic efficiency for the reduction
of delta4-androstenedione to form testosterone. It also reduces PGD2 to 11beta-PGF2, progesterone to 20alpha-hydroxyprogesterone
and estrone to 17beta-estradiol. Lastly, it catalyzes the transformation of the potent androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
into the less active form, 5-alpha-androstan-3-alpha,17-beta-diol.
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